Human health problems associated with molecular impact induced by chemical pollutants as endocrine disruptors

Abstract

Chemicals reaching the human body can affect the endocrine system by inducing hormone agonist or antagonist effects or by altering hormone synthesis reactions. Exposure to the body can be either through ingestion or inhalation (food, drinking water, air) or through direct contact with certain substances in general use (industry, cosmetics, etc.). The human health problems identified and associated with endocrine disrupters are mainly related to dysfunctions of the reproductive system or lipid metabolism. Also, exacerbating exposure can lead to irreversible changes at the molecular level and carcinogenesis. Worryingly, it can have long-term consequences through changes in genetic and epigenetic regulatory pathways. Legislation at the European level seeks to harmonize ways of protecting human health through regulations related to basic research, environmental risk assessment, promotion of sustainable development, protection of vulnerable ecosystems, and continuous information and updating of risk data.