Impact of 17beta-Estradiol (E2), in Increasing Immunity Against COVID-19 and Mitigating Severe COVID-19 Outcomes

Authors

  • Saba Malik, Anwaar UL Huda, Rabia Shakeel, Touqeer Hussain, Maria Munir, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Sakandar Majid

Keywords:

Estrogen, COVID-19, Vaccine, Coronavirus, Progesterone, Immune Function

Abstract

Men are likely to die from COVID-19 more often than women. There is a need to search out an element that gives immunity to women. Substantial amounts of estrogens (17?-ESTRADIOL) are found in men and women. To see the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic my research aims to find the impact of 17?-estradiol (E2), in increasing immunity against COVID-19 and mitigating severe COVID-19 outcomes. A total of 113 pharmacists and doctors from different hospitals, in different provinces of Pakistan, filled questionnaires. 73.5% of doctors and pharmacists response positively on using 17?-ESTRADIOL (E2) as an element of increasing immunity against COVID-19 while 8.8 percent disagreed on that point and 17.7% of those answered go with the possibility. We got a significant result from our study. After the analysis of the whole research, we can conclude that Yes! 17?-estradiol (E2) helps in increasing immunity against COVID-19 and mitigating severe COVID-19 outcomes because estrogen acts directly on the nasal immune system by increasing phagocyte activity, dendritic cells, and natural killers. When triggered, these cells can kill the virus preventing it from spreading to the lower respiratory tract or reducing the viral (virulence) charge.

Author Biography

Saba Malik, Anwaar UL Huda, Rabia Shakeel, Touqeer Hussain, Maria Munir, Saddam Hussain, Muhammad Sakandar Majid

Saba Malik1*, Anwaar UL Huda2, Rabia Shakeel3, Touqeer Hussain4, Maria Munir5, Saddam Hussain6, Muhammad Sakandar Majid7

 

1,5,7 Department of Zoology, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

2College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Pakistan

3Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan

4Medical Officer at Basic Health unit Jaday Wala, Pakistan

6Department of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan

*Corresponding writer email: majidsikandar2@gmail.com

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Published

2021-03-29

How to Cite

Malik, S. (2021). Impact of 17beta-Estradiol (E2), in Increasing Immunity Against COVID-19 and Mitigating Severe COVID-19 Outcomes. Technium BioChemMed, 2(1), 12–22. Retrieved from https://techniumscience.com/index.php/biochemmed/article/view/2218